IF Sentences (1st and 2nd conditionals)

1) We use the first conditional (if + verb in present simple) to talk about a possible future action or situation. The IF CLAUSE is often followed by a main clause with WILL / WON'T. If the weather gets better, we'll go for a walk. (Not: If the weather will get better) or We'll go for a walk if the weather gets better.

2) In addtion to the futureWILL, we can also use CAN; SHOULD; OUGHT TO; MAY; MIGHT; MUST or an IMPERATIVE in the main clause. If you want to go to London, you can catch a bus. / We souldn't be late, if the train is on time. / Phone me if you want anything.

3) To talk about something that's always true, we use IF + PRESENT SIMPLE + PRESENT SIMPLE. If you heat plastic, it mealts. / If I travel by car, I always get carsick.

4) We use the 2nd conditional IF + VERB IN PAST SIMPLE + WOULD / WOULDN'T, COULD, MIGHT to talk about an action or situation in the present or the future which is improbable, hypothetical or imaginary. If public trasport was better, there would be fewer cars on the road.  / You might feel better if you took some of these tablets. / If you found $100 in the street, what would you do with it?

Past Perfect and Past Perfect Continuous

1) We form the past perfect with HAD (habia) + past participle:

Affirmative: It had started

Negative: It had not started (hadn't)

Interrogative: Had it started? Yes, it had. / No, it hadn't.

2) If we're already talking about the past, we use the past perfect to say that something happened before a certain time in the past. It was 10.00. The train had left at 9.50.

3) When there are two actions and it's clear that the first action was completed before the other action started we use the past perfect for the first action. After Simon had eaten his dinner, he went to bed.

4) When one action is one immediate reaction to another we use the past simple for both actions. He ran away as soon as he saw me. / She smiled when he spoke to her.

5) We form the past perfecr continuous when we want to emphasize that something had been in progress continuously up to a certain time in the past. When I met him, he had been living in London for 10 yeras. / Joanna had been revising for here xams all day, and now she was tired.

Perfect Tenses: Assignment 2 (23-08)

Write a 200-word short story about what you did, you have done, and you have been doing at the university.

Perfect Tenses: Assignment 1(03/08)

Imagine you are feeling happy or unhappy. Write a 10 line paragraph explaining why. Use the Present perfect tense.

Example: I'm unhappy because I've lost my job.